The words “farther” and “further” are often used interchangeably, but there are subtle differences in their usage in the English language. Understanding these can help you use each word more precisely.
Farther and Further
1. “Farther” refers to physical distance.
Example:
- Correct: “He walked farther down the road.”
- Incorrect: “He walked further down the road.”
Explanation: Here, “farther” is used because it relates to a measurable, physical distance that he walked.
2. “Further” is used for abstract concepts or non-physical distances.
Example:
- Correct: “She decided to further her studies.”
- Incorrect: “She decided to farther her studies.”
Explanation: “Further” is appropriate here because it deals with advancing her education, which is not a physical distance.
3. Both can be used to describe extensions in degree or intensity.
Example:
- Correct (Farther): “To see who could throw the ball farther.”
- Correct (Further): “This research will further our understanding of the subject.”
Explanation: “Farther” is correct in the first sentence because it deals with a physical action of throwing. “Further” is correct in the second because it involves deepening or extending knowledge, an abstract concept.
4. “Further” is often used to indicate advancement in a more general, abstract sense.
Example:
- Correct: “We need to discuss this further.”
- Incorrect: “We need to discuss this farther.”
Explanation: The discussion is about extending or continuing the conversation, which is an abstract form of advancement.
5. “Further” is commonly used in idiomatic expressions.
Example:
- Correct: “Until further notice.”
- Incorrect: “Until farther notice.”
Explanation: The phrase “until further notice” is a set expression meaning until more information is provided or changes are made, referring to time or circumstance rather than physical distance.
Conclusion
While “farther” and “further” can sometimes be used interchangeably in casual speech, particularly in American English, the distinction lies in physical distance versus abstract or metaphorical extension.
“Farther” should be your choice for measurable distances, while “further” is appropriate for discussing progress or development in abstract terms. Knowing when to use each word can add precision to your writing and speaking.
